Strategic Manufacturing Management Questions and Answers :: Strategic Manufacturing Management Essays

Question 1: Hayes and Wheelright (1984) and Mintzberg (1987) spoke of strategy as a pattern of decisions. What do they mean by this? (5 Marks) Strategy is the pattern of decisions determining the organization’s objectives, purposes, or goals. It outlines the principal policies and plans for achieving those goals, and clearly defines the range of businesses the organization has to pursue. Strategy as a pattern of decisions also highlights the nature of human and economic organization it intends to be, and the nature of the economic and noneconomic contribution it intends to make towards its stakeholders, mainly, the shareholders, customers, employees, and communities[1]. Mintzberg (1987), characterizing ten ‘schools of thought’ in his consideration of strategy, has defined strategy as a pattern, a plan, a ploy, a position, and a perspective[2]. He has further classified different strategy making processes, specifying that a â€Å"realised strategy† is â€Å"emergent† and â€Å"deliberate† as shown in Figure 1-1. Moreover, Mintzberg discusses the difference between strategic thinking and strategic planning, highlighting that planning involves analysis and thinking involves synthesis, and the outcome of strategic thinking is an integrated perspective[3]. For strategies to be ploys or plans, they need to follow a specific stream of actions. Plans or ploys are â€Å"intended strategy† which are realized through patterns, as pointed out by Mintzberg. Figure 1-1 "Deliberate" and "emergent" strategy forming "realized" strategy[2] According to Hayes and Wheelright (1984) an implementation of strategy requires a structured integrative pattern of mutually supported decisions made over a period of time. Five characteristics that make up strategy are time, concentration of effort, impact, pattern of decision, and pervasiveness as stated by Hayes and Wheelwright. They also point out that effective operation strategies need to be consistent and contribute to competitive advantage. Consistency should prevail between operations strategy and business strategy, between operations strategy and the other functional strategies, and within different decision areas of operations strategy. In order to be able to positively contribute towards competitive advantage, the strategy should enable operations to set priorities right to enhance competitive advantage, clearly state the operations strategy for the rest of the organization to easily comprehend, accentuate opportunities where operations can complement business strategy, a nd ensure operating capabilities that may be required in the future. Hayes and Wheelwright (1984) have categorized different types of organizations based on their attitude towards operations in a four stage model. The four stages, as shown in table below are, Internally Neutral, Externally Neutral, Internally Supportive, and Externally Supportive, in the order[2].

Indian Festivals Essay

A festival is an occasion of enjoyment and celebration. Indian festivals are known to attract the world due to their harmony, variety, colour and excitement. Thus we can divide the festivals into three categories—national or political, religious and seasonal. These are the festivals which punctuate the seasons of the year. National festivals like Republic Day, Independence Day, Gandhi Jayanti and others are celebrated with great patriotic fervour. Now-a-days they have been declared National Holidays. Religious festivals and ceremonies are as varied as the people, their customs beliefs and faith. In Northern India, Dussehra is observed as Vijaya Dashmi celebrating victory of good over evil, of Rama over Ravana. In Bengal, the occasion is celebrated as Durga Puja. This festival is celebrated with gaiety and lasts for five days. Diwali is the most prominent of the Hindu festivals. The Hindus celebrate this day to commemorate the return of Lord Rama to Ayodhya after winning the decisive war against the evil forces of Ravana. The Muslim celebrates Id-UI-Fitra. It is celebrated to mark the end of Ramzan. It was during the month of Ramzan that Holy Quran was revealed to Prophet Mohammed. Christmas is the greatest festival of the Christians. The festival marks birthday of Jesus Christ the founder of Christianity on 25th December. India is the only country where these festivals are celebrated with great devotion to the Almighty and seasonal variations. The main objectives of festivals are to bring people from different walks of life to welcome each section of society with open arms and to forget the narrow differences between one another.

Parents Ride The Merry Go Round - 979 Words

Some families ride the merry-go-round their whole lives and others take the roller coaster, which has ups and downs like Buckman’s family in the movie Parent Hood. I thought of my family of us riding the merry-go-round. Until my grandpa died, as a three year old I thought that was the worst thing that could happen to anyone, ever. I thought as a family we had hit rock bottom and was never going to get through the pain. It did bring our family closer together. I realized that there is going to be more stressful situations, and just thought that the merry-go-round had just broken down for a minute. Until three years ago, nothing major happened in our family that I didn’t think as family we were not going to be able to get through. We are not the â€Å"perfect† family anymore; we have gone through a lot ups and downs over the past years. One example, my parents saying they were going to get divorced. I was sitting on the couch, being lazy like a normal teenager, wh en my parents announced to me that there was a possibility that they were getting a divorce. I thought at first they were kidding but soon heard screaming everyday that seemed that went on forever. I had never heard my parents scream at each other like this. It sounded like two bears fighting over delicious food. I honestly never saw this coming and didn’t think our family was going to recover from this. That was when my family was like the Buckman’s. Again, watching TV, my parents issued that they needed to talk toShow MoreRelatedMuseum On Rails771 Words   |  4 Pages The Picnic Van and merry-go-round Visitors enjoy the relaxed atmosphere and light refreshments served in the Picnic Van, a converted guards van. To complete the experience visitors are able to enjoy light refreshments served in the Picnic Van, a converted guards van and children love to opportunity to have a ride on the parent powered merry-go-round made from recycled materials. The popular childrens merry-go-round, made of repurposed items and powered by parent power. large imageRead MoreA Critical Analysis Of Langston Hughes Merry Go Round1789 Words   |  8 Pages A Critical Analysis of Langston Hughes’ â€Å"Merry-Go-Round† â€Å"Where Is The Jim Crow Section† Langston Hughes (1942) A little boy, accompanied by his mother, holds a ticket as he looks excitedly at a county fair’s carnival ride. As they get closer to the merry-go-round, he anticipates all the fun he will have, but then a puzzled look crosses his face.â€Å"Merry-Go-Round† by Langston Hughes criticizes the Jim Crow laws in the U.S. The justice system of Jim Crow were state and local lawsRead MoreThe Future Of The American Economy926 Words   |  4 PagesThe future of the American economy rests heavily on the millennial generation’s shoulders. This generation (ages 16-36) is America’s next work force, politicians, CEOs, parents, soldiers, writers, and teachers. But, does this generation possess the stamina, grit and patience upon which our ancestors depended so greatly? The millennial generation’s demand for instant gratification implies that they are not capable of providing our nation with the stability it so desperately needs. Roberts summarizesRead MoreStrawberry Festival1144 Words   |  5 Pagesfamilies and friends to come out every year. The str awberry festival started in 1977, guest would attend the festival to enjoy the variety of arts and crafts booths, athletic competitions, and entertainment. The types of entertainment included, carnival rides, games, riding the boat, enjoy the various interactive exhibits, contests, and free entertainment. On the other hand, the biggest reason for the guest to be in attendance at the strawberry festival is to enjoy the wide variety of foods made with strawberriesRead MoreEssay on something wicked this way comes3105 Words   |  13 Pagesthe depths of despair. The boys go the next day to explore the carnival and they help their seventh grade teacher, Miss Foley, who panics inside the Mirror Maze. Later in the day Jim goes into the maze and Will has to pull him out. Jim insists on coming back that night, and Will agrees, but then they bump into the lightning-rod salesmans bag and they realize that they must stay to learn what has happened to the man. Finally, after searching all of the rides, they go up to a carousel that is supposedlyRead MoreMagnifico Reaction Paper1540 Words   |  7 Pagesthat Magda had diabetes and pancreatic cancer. This was another financial dilemma considering the fact that a huge amount of Gerry and Edna’s scanty income had to go to medical expenses. Eventually, it has come to Magnifico’s knowledge that his grandmother was soon to die and that the burial expenses were too expensive that his parents could not shoulder all that so Magnifico formulated a secret plan of constructing a coffin with the he lp of his friend Carlo. They asked for wooden materials fromRead MoreThe Evolving Buckman Family Essay1517 Words   |  7 Pageswatch over Gil while his father, Frank, went and did buisness. Gil now having a family of his own, he is determined to make sure that his family is his top priority. When Gil finds out that his oldest child, Kevin, has emotional problems and needs to go to therapy, and that his other two children, Taylor and Justin, could potentially have issues as well, he begins to blame and question his abilities as a father. When Karen, Gils wife, announces to him that she is pregnant with their fourth child onRead MoreThe History of Disneyland1272 Words   |  5 PagesLucky Rabbit in 1927. Walt broke it off only a year later with Mintz because he wanted Disney to work directly for him. Disney later stated to work on a new character- Mickey Mouse, which was said that Disney came up with the character on a train ride leaving Mintz. Walt Disney originally wanted to call the mouse Mortimer but got changed to Mickey Mouse at the suggestion by Disney’s wife Lillian. Disney did the voice for Mickey Mouse from 1928 to 1946. November 18, 1928 Steamboat Willie, the firstRead MoreBeauty in Alice Walkers Poetry884 Words   |  4 Pagesfor being grown. She was very cocky. Though she was sassy, she still behaved as a child. She shows it by saying, â€Å"At home that night I tell the unlucky ones all I can remember about the merry-go-round, the man who eats live chickens, and the teddy bears, until they say: thats enough, baby Alice. Shut up now, and go to sleep† (442). The women at church see her as this cute little girl who is very mature for her age. They say â€Å"Oh, isn’t she the cutest thing!† and â€Å"And got so much sense!† (443). Ul timatelyRead MoreMilton Hershey s Positive Impact On Society2063 Words   |  9 Pagesgrandstand. Positively, this area was a great spot for picnics, boating, and canoeing. In fact, it was landscaped with graceful trees and wooded groves that provided a retreat without being too crowded. Some of the major rides that Hershey had built began with the Merry-go-round, which was opened on July 4th, 1908. Soon after the amphitheatre was built and a connecting pavilion was described as â€Å"a model of excellence†. Upon the entrance the words â€Å"Ye who enter here leave dull cares behind† (Prometheus

The Theory System Of The Term Self Extended - 3221 Words

1. Introduction This article will firstly generalize the concept and the theory system of the term ‘self extended’. Then how it influence the consumers would be analyzed by comparing behavior learning theory, motivation and involvement, together with value, attitude and personality. Finally, 4 advertisement representing 4 levels would be given. 2. Concept of Extended Self Briefly speaking, the concept of ‘extended self’ is the relationship between possession and sense of self. According to the opinions of Tuan(1980), ‘our fragile sense of self needs support, and this we get by having and possessing thing because, to a large degree, we are what we have and possess’ , people would commonly have the tendency to expand their sense of self to what they have, as these things are innate parts of their bodies. Such theory may be the most important and fundamental part to the consumer behavior researches and details of its structure are as followed. In the first section of the journal, Belk proves that possessions are important to sense of self by offering various evidences. First of all, the limited research of possessions in self-perception shows that possessions follow body part and mind in their centrality to self . In terms of the concept ‘extended self’, possessions include not only exter nal objects and personal possessions but also persons, places, group possessions as well as body parts and vital organ. According to McClelland(1951), those objects could be seen asShow MoreRelatedHumanistic And Experiential And Emotionally Focused Theories793 Words   |  4 PagesHumanistic/Experiential and Emotionally-Focused Theories Valencia W. Wright Marriage, Couple, and Family Therapy HUMN – 6356 – 3 Dr. Emmett Roberts Walden University March 20, 2016 Humanistic Theory is the main focus on self, which transcends into â€Å"you† and â€Å"your†, then it will be about your experiences. It was mentioned that a person is free to choose their own behavior than just reacting to environmental stimulants and reinforcements (www.answers.com). Then with Humanistic Theory it is mostly focused on toRead MoreDeep Listeners : Music, Emotion, And Trancing By Judith Becker Essay1607 Words   |  7 Pagesconcerned, attesting to the divine presence in one’s midst, legitimizing the religious beliefs and practices of the community, and often bestowing deep satisfaction on the individual trancer† (Becker, pg. 1). The book covers the techniques of trancing, the self-expression related to trancing, trancing within different cultures, and the affect of trancing on the conscious mind. To be more specific, Becker has written six chapters on trancing excluding the introduction and postscript. In Chapter one, whichRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs1524 Words   |  7 PagesMaslow developed the theories of motivation because he felt that the sophistication of human behavior could not be portrayed through reinforcement or rewards. He felt that human action were directed toward realization and fulfillments and that behavior could be gratified while using multiple types of needs at the same time. Maslow wanted to find positive motivation as to why people react or engage in certain behaviors. He felt that basic survival was based upon his five theories and that long lastingRead MoreThe Concept Of Termination : A Phase Of The Intervention Process1523 Words   |  7 PagesThe concept of termination is a term that is used as a phase of the intervention process. In human behavior termination relates to the combination of everything done to this point leading to attachme nt and separation. Termination is the last step between the client and worker. There are many different reasons for termination. Before termination evaluation information is gathered. Formative evaluation is done to gather ongoing feedback as the group evolves for improving and refining the group to improveRead MoreThe Factors That Influence Family Life902 Words   |  4 Pagesor marriage and all members must be living in the same dwelling† (Baker 2014). With family being such a difficult term to agree on, the creation of a complex study of family life emerges. The factors that influence family life are put into three theory categories; Social Structure, Interpersonal Factors, as well as Ideas, Global Culture, and Public Discourse. Social Structure theory has three main perspectives for what shapes family relations. Friedrich Engels argued that the transformation fromRead MorePersonal Statement On Family Therapy1246 Words   |  5 Pagesget a full understanding of family theory one must first have the understanding of what is theory. Theory is a systematic collection of concepts and relations. Family however can mean a broad range of things to a person. One person may consider family to be father, mother, sister and brother; however, to someone else family could be just one parent with one child; and to another it could their friends. Family systems theory however defines the family as a system. Family consist of interrelated partsRead MoreAfrican Social Political Thought1357 Words   |  6 PagesPOLITICAL THOUGHT QUESTION: TAKE ONE AFRICAN SOCIO-POLITICAL PHILOSOPHER AND DISCUSS: A. HIS POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY B. THE PROBLEM HE TRIED TO SOLVE C. THE EXTENT TO WHICH HE WAS SUCCESSFUL. African socialism was one of the earliest theories proffered by many African leaders at the outset of independence. Leaders such as Dr. Kwame Nkrumah, Julius Nyerere, Obafemi Awolowo and Leopold Senghor all supported this concept but had different approaches to it. In this essay, my focus willRead MoreDiabetes And The Importance Of Education1270 Words   |  6 Pagesalmost every system in the body, and with an estimated 346 million people in the world with diabetes, healthcare has been heavily affected by the disease (Ramasamy, Shrivastava, P., Shrivastava, S., 2013). One of the biggest issues for healthcare workers when it comes to diabetes, is that it is such a complicated disease. With so many different systems being affected, medical professionals have had to learn how the disease process works, what causes diabetes to work through the systems, and the bestRead MoreJuxtaposition Of Deep Listening And Trancing806 Words   |  4 Pagesthe theme of the book by defining what is the meaning of trance. In the first chapter, we understand this term. She draws from the study of tarantismo (p. 34). Becker wishes to see beyond the long-established dual aspects of mind, body, and culture, which then raises questions on emotions and its involvement. In chapter two, she draws to a more scientific discipline of the autonomic nervous system, which produces emotions. Becker states how emotions are formed chemically. She further talks about howRead MoreInfancy and Early Childhood1106 Words   |  5 Pageseffect on childhood development. According to Perry et al. (1996) Holding, gazing, smiling, kissing, singing and laughing all cause specific neurochemical activities in the brain. These neurochemical activities lead to normal organization of the brain systems, which are responsible for attachment. Problems with bonding and attachment can lead to a fragile biological and emotional foundation for future relationships. Neglect and bonding are particularly important focuses of attention for three reasons

Advertising The World Is Obsessed With Labels - 845 Words

The world is obsessed with labels; they are on everything, from our food to our clothes and even our vehicles. Labels help us avoid calorie dense foods, choose the right size shirt, and easily recognize our favorite brand of cereal. People are labelled as well; fill out a form at a doctor’s office or college application and you will label yourself when selecting your race and gender. With a quick swipe of a pen or a click of a mouse people label themselves as male or female, white or black, and everything in between. Consequently, our societal need for everything and everyone to be labeled, and our willingness to yield to those needs creates prejudices and inflicts discriminatory behavior on those who challenge their assigned labels or whose labels are deemed inferior. Advertising teaches consumer which brands are the best; with clever jingles and humorous skits, and bright attractive billboards companies convince consumers that their products are superior and deserving of their dollars. When the same logic and practices are applied to race, one race can be perceived as superior and more deserving of opportunities than others. For instance, past American commercials primarily portrayed white features as attractive and desirable leaving other ethnicities vastly underrepresented. Early twentieth century cartoons depicted African-American or blacks as uneducated and low-class. Definitions of black are harmful, evil, and disgrace; whereas, definitions of white are good,Show MoreRelatedThe Negative Impact Of Photoshop On Teens1649 Words   |  7 Pagesgood of photography and not to give false images of the social normal. In opposition, many would state that Photoshop gives beauty and promotes financial in marketing. The main objective is to get money f or false looks. American culture is highly obsessed with beauty. Everywhere you go there are advertisements and false images. Whether it’s for models or food alterations are used to sell the image. Models appearances on these images are admired and sought after from the society. Jessica Walker statedRead MoreRacism, Sexism, By Harper Lee And Kill A Mockingbird 1519 Words   |  7 Pagesor a J.J. Watt.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Rinkus) Delle-Donne faces sexism everyday living as a female basketball player. On the internet, in interviews, and during games, Delle-Donne is exposed to sexist comments about her looks, being a girl, and not belonging in the world of basketball. Those comments that follow her are demeaning and suggest, â€Å"they only watch her play because she s hot, helpfully informing her that she can ‘get it,’ or wondering why she s not in the kitchen.† (Rinkus). Female athletes just likeRead MoreEthics of Materialism1603 Words   |  7 Pagesof someone using illegal methods to gain wealth comes from a famous novel in literature called ‘The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald. This book is set in the 1920s which was known as the ‘Jazz Age. This phase followed the shock and chaos of World War 1, where people in American society enjoyed a great rise in wealth as the economy escalated. The prohibition of the sale of alcohol led to a lot of bootlegging and crime was tempting as it was an easy alternative. Fitzgerald commented on the lackRead MoreInfluence of the Fashion Industry Essay1451 Words   |  6 Pagesthan many people realize; it affects not only clothing, but almost every aspects of our daily life. When many people think of the fashion industry, they often think of the association of four main areas such as: retail, manufacture, design and advertising. They are the four areas that cause not a little damage on our society and environment. Personally, I used to have a very simple and common conception about fashion industry that is merely clothing sales. However, after reading the newspapersRead MoreAndy Warhol Essay1218 Words   |  5 Pagesstartling look into the fame and usually misfortune of some of the worlds largest icons. Warhols Thirty-two Soup Cans is another good example. The piece depicts sameness (though with different labels): same brand, same size, and same paint surface. It mimics the condition of mass advertising, out of which his sensibility had grown. Although the movies that Warhol made are a bit obscure to say the least, I admire his boldness in making movies that are about nothing. He started producingRead MoreThe Power Structured Relationships Within A Patriarchal Society2081 Words   |  9 Pagesspecific interests tries to connect other people, groups, economic arrangements, ideas, and property to carry out their interests. CULTURAL ARTIFACT Whether or not they know they are doing so, people simplify and sort received information about the world around them. Thus, they form certain representations of the reality, known as cognitive schemas, which only display the most typical and fundamental characteristics. In order to define our worldview, we use these schemas. One very important type ofRead MoreHuman Interaction And Social Relations1501 Words   |  7 Pagessocial life, signifying prestige and status while most earthbound aspects of life are losing their meaning. Reality is characterised by illusion and the absence of truth. (Debord,1967) This image saturated world is sold to us by the superficial manifestations of the mass media, advertising and propaganda. These have been able to invade and corrupt not only our society, but also our inner beliefs and values. (G.Debord,1967). The prevailing market society reveals itself by degraded representationsRead MoreMedia Content Effects on Society1366 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom 1946 to 1955, TV was a part of home to 65% of Americans. Singaporean novelist, Jess C. Scott, said ‘People are sheep. TV is the shepherd.’ (Literary Heroin (Gluttony): A Twilight Parody, 2012). This is unfortunately true, young generation is obsessed with television nowadays. Statistics claims that time spent in front of TV by young people, aged between 8 and 18, increased from 3.8 to 4.5 hours per day, in period from 1999 till 2009. (Rideout, Foehr, and Roberts, 2010). Approximately, two decadesRead MoreAdvertising: Sex Sells Essay example1765 Words   |  8 PagesAdvertisers use an image to create an advertisement to sell a product. The Purpose of advertising is not to sell sex, but to attract the consumer. Their talent is the ability to transform seemingly neutral object to create a desirable product. It’s no wonder that we are so obsessed with our bodies and how the world looks at us. Woman want to be desirable and some would do almost anything to achieve the look of what the world sees as being sexy. Magazines target a certain audience, giving advertisersRead MoreLanguage, Gender, and Culture in Society1690 Words   |  7 Pages In many circles of the world, various groups of people distinguish themselves from one another through religion, language, culture, and sometimes gender. People also develop stereotypes about a particular group of people in order to identify them. However, most of the time, these stereotypes hold true for only some members of a group. Sometimes, these stereotypes are just plain misconceptions that do not even apply to the group it claims to. Stereotypes are placed on people because it is a way to

Pest Pizzahut Free Essays

ENVIRONMENTAL AND INTERNAL ANALYSIS OF PIZZA HUT In our visit to Pizza Hut we conducted research on PEST (Political, Economic, Social and Technological) Analysis. In the internal analysis of Pizza Hut we have considered SWOT of the Company. PEST (Political, Economic, Social Technological) i. We will write a custom essay sample on Pest Pizzahut or any similar topic only for you Order Now POLITICAL ISSUES: Political issues include regulatory frame work operating in judicial system which may affect the business in different ways. There are not many political factors in Peshawar affecting Pizza Hut as is lack of competition. Factors such as laws on business employment, pollution and taxation apply on the organization which it has to follow regarding the rules. ii. ECNOMIC FACTORS: If the county’s economy is better so the GDP of the country will be good, this is a green signal for the business as the per capita income of the people will be increased and they will spend more money. In our survey we came to know that most of the people in the beginning of the months spend more and they visit pizza hut very often. When the inflation rate increases the cost of raw material also increases and this leads towards high prices of the products and vice versa. iii. SOCIAL FACTORS: Pizza hut is a multinational and it is basically originated from America so the organization is overwhelmed by western culture. There are social forms of society which consist of Upper class, middle class, middle upper class, lower class and lower class. Every country has cultural norms, values, beliefs and religion which can affect the organization. iv. TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS: Now a day’s technology is improving so as baking and heating ovens will be of new and efficient technology and will provide efficient service. Due to new technology there are new ways of marketing like internet; telemarketing and the organization can advertise their products with much more faster pace. Computer based customer data that is MIS (managing information system) helps in collecting customer data, daily transactions, future forecasting and decision making. New vehicles will make their service more efficient. ? How to cite Pest Pizzahut, Papers

Managing Innovation And Continuous Improvements

Question: Discuss about the innovation management and continuous improvement of an organization. Answer: Introduction This paper is primarily concerned with the innovation management and continuous improvement of an organization. Innovation is the integral part of every organization and in order to retain the position of the organization in the global competitive market, it is necessary for the management of the organization to implement several innovative strategies (Dodgson, Gann and Phillips, 2015). Management of every organization has to understand that the demands of the customers are ever changing so it is necessary to implement the strategies in accordance with the demand of the customers. The role of the management does not end after just implementing strategies; it is the sole responsibility of the management of the organization to look after the continuous improvements to satisfy the need of the customer, the management of the organization has to implement new ways to organize things (Burns and Stalker, 2001). Leading and coordination are playing major role to undertake several new innovat ive strategies. Innovation in the management generates a long lasting impact on the mind of the customers and it helps to make them loyal. Every organization on this planet is working on development of new products. Task 1: Review Programs, Systems and Processes After thoroughly understating the case study, it has been observed that A.C Gilbert was one of the toy making companies in USA and the original name of the company was Mysto Manufacturing Company, which founded in 1909 as the Erector Set. At the very beginning period, the period was great success (Honey, 2007). They were known as the best toy maker in USA and the company was renowned for making top quality products. The problem of this company was the price is not low as they are maintaining the quality of the products. Supply Chain: A.C Gilbert had strong supply chain management, which helped the company to circulate the product at the doorstep of the customers. Supply chain management was a whole system that incorporates the raw products into a product. Supply chain management was a long and complex process, which helped to send the products from inventory to the consumers (Hubner, 2006). Supply Chain Management includes designing of the products and development of the concept of the products. In the planning process, the organization was working on using resources efficiently. At the third step, the organization was concentrating on purchasing of raw material and later manufactures toys by using raw materials. In the fourth step, the organization is focusing on the manufacturing of the products. After packaging, the product is sent for distribution. Operation System: Operation System of the organization is strong enough; it helps to maintain the day-to-day transaction process of the organization. With the help of the model, it can be demonstrated that management of the organization is maintaining the transactions. Operation System of A. C. Gilbert helped to keep the records of daily business transactions (Hutchins, 2008). Operation system of the organization was entirely different from Data Warehousing. With the help of the operation system, the management of the organization was able to take orders, keep contact with the new customers, sign up with the new customers and identify the feedbacks. The specialty of the organization was that the management is dealing with one record at a particular time. Product and service delivery: From the analysis of the case study, it can be depicted that the product quality of the company is always good. The company was known for producing high quality products. After taking over by Wrather from junior A.C Gilbert, the organization was trying to introduce 50 new toy lines and raising the product line up to 307. At the beginning, the organization was mainly concentrating on the toys of the boys. Recently, at the time of Wrather, the company was focusing on the girls toys also. Wrather has tried to diversify the range of toys so the company has decided to make toys for the pre-school children and aims at girls between the ages of 6-14. For the Quality Management Theory, the researcher is concentrating on the Total Quality Management. For the better analysis of the paper, researcher is taking help of the Joseph Jurans Theory (Improvements in or relating to continuous carbon fibre tapes, 2002). Joseph Jurans Theory is about the Quality Trilogy; quality planning, quality improvement and quality control are the quality trilogy. This theory helps to improve the quality of the products. Statistical process control is the integral part of the continuous improvement. The Continuous Improvement Model includes several processes, Plan Do Check and Act The managers should use tools and technologies to evaluate the effectiveness of the Continuous improvement models and quality management theories. On the other hand, Key Result Area helps to depict the crucial outcome of the paper. Key Result Area is not the result but identifying the important process where the outcome is assisted by the objectives of the company (Improvements in the simple distillation of fatty acids by continuous methods, 2003). The objective of Wrather is to develop high quality products and for this the organization is concentrating on the several key factors like Wide range of innovative toys Toys for girls and Change the packaging of the products With the help of the key system and processes, the management of the organization should understand which the Key Performance Indicators are. The prime Key Performance Indicator is developing wide range of products in less than 12 months and improving the quality of products as the company is known for their quality of products. Along with the innovative strategies, the organization should also concentrate on collection of feedbacks. The collection of feedbacks from the customers helps the management of the organization to understand their choices (Improvements in vacuum reactor for vapour deposition on continuous filaments, 2000). The feedbacks are helping the customers to understand the demand of the customers and this feedback helps to gather information regarding the performance review process. Service Level Agreement helps to play an important role in identifying the relationship. Service Level Agreement is maintaining the service quality. Service Level Agreement helps to maintain the standard of the products and service quality (Keffler, 2005). Along with that, the organization is concentrating on the relationship between the suppliers and management. The quality of the product is depending on the raw materials and if the suppliers are failed to deliver products, in that case production of the company will definitely suffers. From the sales figure of the organization, it can be determined that the organization is able to maintain the key elements of the organization. Gilbert has strong brand image of developing quality products but the price range is high. The supply chain system helps to deliver the products at the doorstep of the customers (Kostevc, 2014). After surveying the market, it can determined that the in 1966, the company has adopted several strategies for making the company a successful one. Jack Wrather has purchased 52% of share of Gilbert. If Gilbert would have strong supply chain management, operation system and product quality then it would have been easier to run the business. After implementation of the Continuous Improvement Theory, the management of the organization can able to understand the performance of the organization (Larson, 2003). In 1962, the company had increased the numbers of sales staffs and put stress on the promotion of the business; later in 1963, the company had been suffering from heavy loss due to the declination of quality of service. Isaacson was the new CEO of the company and he fired most of the staffs and reduced the cost of the company to improve the profit percentage. Due to lack of staffs and heavy promotional activities, the company had suffered a lot. After analyzing the Quality Management and Continuous Development Theory, there are many faults in strategy (Mallick, et al, 2013). If the company had not reduced the numbers of staffs then it would have been easier for the company to run the business. The quality of the products was also deteriorated so it is difficult for the company to sustain. Previously, the quality of the product was very good and company had god growth in the market. Therefore, it can be said that the company has good profit market (Meifort, 2015). On the other hand, the company had no good staff management system and employee turnover rate is high. The result of the 1966 helped to determine the Key Result Area. Gilbert was the leading toy making company of USA and annual sales regularly topping $17 million. From the SWOT analysis of the company, the strength and weakness of the company can be determined. The strengths of the company were: The company had good Market Share Renowned company High Quality products Sales rate high High profit margin The weaknesses of the company were: No ability to change organizational change Standard of customers is not good Lack of innovative ideas Low employee engagement If the company is still running their business, the organization has to adopt changes and make innovative strategies. The company is specially dealing in toymakers, chemistry sets, microscopes and Meccano like Erector Engineering sets. Due to technological advancement, the demands for the technological products are increasing. In order to sustain the business, it is necessary to develop long lasting products with low cost (Mellor, 2003). They have to develop top-quality and highly regarded products. Apart from products, the company should concentrate on the employees also as employees are the key stakeholder. Concentration should lies on the employees. Several internal and external staffs are needed for implementing technologies in production of toys. Task 2: Develop Options for Continuous Improvement The company has not even developed a new strategy for years and the operations of the company are following the same path for years. In the team briefing of 30 minutes, with the help of the Continuous Improvement Theories and Performance Management Strategies, several ideas can be developed for the betterment of the organization (Obo j, et al, 2005). Employees are the key stakeholder of the organization and management of the organization is entitled to manage the employees in the organization. Gilbert has been suffering from heavy employee turnover due to misleading decision of Wrather and CEO. To sustain the position in the global competitive market, it is necessary for the management to focus on development of strategies and incorporate those strategies in the market. The perspectives of the kids are changing due to the technological development. Kids are mainly focusing on the racing cars rather than the trains (Pinchard, 2004). On the other hand, girls are not in love with the simple dolls any more. They want to have such dolls, which can be moved or changed. Innovative ways of development of toys help the organization to win the competitive advantages (Zmuda, et al, 2004). There are three key research areas, on which the company is focusing and development of three key research areas are helping to generate good competition. From the result of 1961-1966, it can be understood that employee turnover is the main problem of the organization. Due to lack of team management skills and team leaders, the team members are unaware of the organizational goals (Rothwell and Kazanas, 2009). It is the sole responsibility of the Human Resource Management of Gilbert to provide training to the employees so that they can meet the organizational goals. After implementing innovative strategies, the management of the organization has to bring significant changes. The advantage of the teamwork is that the work can be done easily as the employees can able to take help of the other employees or seniors. Team leaders or HR department of the organization should use creative and new techniques to generate new ideas. Training is the best process that can be provided to the employees to meet the organizational goals but there are several risk factors associated with it. Team leaders should understand the appropriate team management strategy for motivating the employees (Training for continuous improvement, 2006). Due to lack of knowledge regarding the teams, the process of management can be hampered. On the other hand, management should understand that all the strategies should be cost benefitted otherwise it can raise the cost of the organization (Valenkevich, 2008). Task 3: Implement Innovative Processes After analyzing several theories, KRAs and KPIs, it can be understood that the best process of maintaining the profit percentage and competitive advantages, it is important to develop an action plans (Trauffler and Tschirky, 2007). Before developing action plan for the organization, the management of the organization should concentrate on the Contingency Plans. The Contingency Plans help to predict the underlying risk factors. In accordance with the contingency plans, the risk factors are: Threat of new entries Threat of substitute Shift in customer demand (Trott, 2008) High employee turnover Low cash flow Low profit margin and Low skilled staffs Based on the risk factors, the action plan can be determined: Conclusion From the above analysis of the paper, it can be understood that here in this research paper, the researcher is trying to depict that the skills and knowledge are require for reviewing the programs, process and system. 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